Whole cell deformability of red cells was measured as a continuous function of suspending medium osmolality using the ektacytometer, a laser-diffraction viscometer. Study of normal cells in which water content and membrane surface area had been selectively modified showed that this technique can detect changes in these properties with high sensitivity. The osmotic deformability profiles obtaine...

In this article, highly accurate experimental results reveal the interfacial profile between different macroscopic fluid phases. The deviation from a step profile, quantified by the ellipsometric quantity J(1), shows a strong correlation with the cohesive energy quantified by the Gordon parameter G . Surprisingly, at high values of G , J (1)( < 0) deviates significantly from any predictions. Fi...

Six-yr-long time series of winds, waves, and water velocity from a cabled coastal observatory in 12 m of water reveal the separate dependence of the cross-shelf velocity profile on cross-shelf and along-shelf winds, waves, and tides. During small waves, cross-shelf wind is the dominant mechanism driving the cross-shelf circulation after tides and tidal residual motions are removed. The along-sh...

The effects of conservation-tillage practices on the root environment of corn (Zea mays L.) may differ with varying amounts of irrigation. Dryland, 50% irrigation, and 100% irrigation treatments were applied in combination with disc, no-tillage, and a postemergence chisel treatment designed to allow rapid infiltration of irrigation water. The study was conducted during the 1980 growing season a...

Abstract Assessment of water surface profile in compound channels is essential for flood defence systems. Agriculture and development activities floodplains affect the floodplain shape over length, leading a converging channel. Few laboratory investigations proved overbank flow floodplains. Therefore, innovative precise approaches are still great demand. In this paper, new approach has been pro...

The behavior of water molecules inside and outside 1.1, 2.8, 6.9, and 10.4 nm diameter armchair carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is predicted using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of CNT diameter on mass density, molecular distribution, and molecular orientation are identified for both the confined and unconfined fluids. Within 1 nm of the CNT surface, unconfined water molecules assume a spa...

The determination of barium and strontium directly from sea water by isotope dilution mass spectrometry proves to be an efficient, precise, and virtual blank free procedure. Results for an eastern Pacific profile confirm a regularly increasing barium concentration from 5 to 23 ,clg/kg at 2500 m, but strontium concentrations appear to be nearly homogeneous below 50 m at 7.6 f 0.1 I;lg/kg with a ...

We use the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED, 7.5 arc-seconds) and Landsat Maps Global Surface Water (GSW, 1 arc-seconds) processed by GRASS-GIS hydrological modules to derive a fully standardized stream network. The GSW water occurrence was burned into the GMTED surface to force the drainage direction, thereby directing the stream network to pass through the observed w...

We have used molecular dynamics simulations with coarse-grained and atomistic models to study the lateral pressure profiles in lipid monolayers. We first consider simple oillair and oil/water interfaces, and then proceed to lipid monolayers at air/water and oil/water interfaces. The results are qualitatively similar in both atomistic and coarse-grained models. The lateral pressure profile in a ...