Estimates are made of the effect of changes in tropospheric water vapor on the climate sensitivity to doubled carbon dioxide (CO2), using a coarse resolution atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean. The sensitivity of the model to doubled CO2 is found as the difference between the equilibrium responses for control and doubled CO2 cases. Clouds are specified to ...

Stearic acid was incorporated into whey protein through emulsification to produce films. Whey protein films were prepared by dispersing 6.5% protein in distilled water. Glycerol was the plasticizer agent. Stearic acid was added at different levels (0.0 to 1.0%) and the films were analyzed at different pHs (5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 9.0). The emulsion films were evaluated for mechanical properties, wate...

The surface area of the avian egg through which the developing embryo must exchange heat, metabolic gases, and water vapor is a variable of prime importance for quantitation of the permeability of the egg shell to these substances. Surface-area measurements are necessary if one is to compare the permeability properties of shells ranging in size from less than 0.5 g in hummingbirds, to 1.5 kg in...

In this study, biodegradable kefiran-chitosan-nanocellulose blend films were developed and their physical, mechanical, barrier, thermal and structural properties determined. Results showed that adding nanocellulose had not any significant effect on the thickness, moisture content and water solubility. Also, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and lightness increased and the elongation at...

Starch-based edible films are gaining huge interest in food packaging industries. In the present work, avocado seed starch (ASS) was extracted and used to develop an film. The influence of four important process factors, starch, agar, sorbitol, Tween-20, studied on one barrier properties, water-vapor permeability (WP), developed three-level RSM design with Box–Behnken approach carried out inves...

Biodegradable chitosan can be applied as a coating on the surface of kraft paper in order to improve its barrier properties against water vapor and air. The food packaging industry can benefit from the addition of chitosan to its current packaging, and in turn reduce pollution from plastic packaging plants. This paper discusses the film formation of chitosan, the permeability of paper coated wi...

][1] Between 2003 and 2008, the global-average surface temperature of the Earth varied by 0.6 C. We analyze here the response of tropospheric water vapor to these variations. Height-resolved measurements of specific humidity (q) and relative humidity (RH) are obtained from NASA’s satelliteborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Over most of the troposphere, q increased with increasing global...

Edible and/or biodegradable films usually have limited water vapor barriers, making it difficult to use them. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a chemical reticulation treatment with formaldehyde and glyoxal on the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, solubility and color parameters of gelatin-based films. Formaldehyde and glyoxal were added to the filmo...

a suitable option for manufacture of packing materials is the use of clay and silver nano particles. these materials help create optimal relative impermeable quality, in addition to other features being improved. moisture-packed bread by use of these materials prevent water vapor loss and therefore reduce the level of bread becoming stale. in this study, seven types of nano-films with different...

The mechanical and water vapor permeability of starch/carrageenan cast films were investigated, the rheological properties of starch/carrageenan blends were also studied. The blends were prepared by different concentrations of starch and carrageenan. Three concentration of starch (0.75%, 1% and 1.25%) and two concentrations of carrageenan (0.5% and 0.75%) were used with adding 0.5% glycerol as ...