In this article we calculate the skin depth of indium tin oxide ~ITO! films ~and related materials! as a result of free electron absorption within the visible spectrum using the simple Drude model. We also discuss the consequences of finite skin depth for the transparency of current spreading layers for light emitting diode ~LED! applications. Low sheet resistances are highly desirable for thes...

Herein, a stepwise electrodeposition technique was used to synthesize the Pd based nanoparticles on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. First of all, Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on ITO via one step electrodeposition technique. Furthermore, Au was electrodeposited on Pd. Finally, Co was electrodeposited on Au and Pd electrodeposited ITO electrode via stepwise electrodeposition techniqu...

سابقه و هدف: سلامت خاک از مولفه ‏های اصلی در دستیابی به سامانه ‏‏های کشاورزی پایدار بوده که شدت تحت تاثیر عملیات زراعی مانند خاکورزی قرار می ‏گیرد. را توان با استفاده پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی بیولوژیکی قالب الگوریتم‏ های مشخص کمّی کرد. نتیجه، بررسی وضعیت کیفی باروری مدیریتی مختلف زمین جهت استقرار مناسب برای تولید بهینه نظام‌های امری ضروری می‏ باشد. چارچوب ارزیابی مدیریت SMAF 1 عنوان ابزاری قدر...

Abstract Flexible transparent electrodes on flexible plastic sheets are in significant demand for use perovskite solar cells ( f -PSCs). However, the combination of broadband high optical transparency and low electrical resistivity required tandemization -PSCs sets a stringent requirement that based traditional Sn-doped In 2 O 3 (ITO) films, owing to free-carrier concentration needed reduce res...

The use of Indium–Tin Oxide (ITO) as a transparent conductor in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has been shown to present a bottleneck for the technology due to the use of the rare metal Indium and also the energy intensive manufacturing processes required and subsequent high economic cost. This study discusses some of the alternative materials, which are being considered for use as transpar...

New strategies for spatially controllable cell adhesion have been developed for brain cells from embryonic chicken. They are based on electrochemically active phenol and pyrrole derivatives, and can be used for the selective coverage of electroconductive substrates. Besides mimicking standard laminin-related adhesion promoting mechanisms by means of an electroactive monomer-linked 18-peptide se...

Kv4 channels are differentially expressed across the mouse left ventricular free wall. Accordingly, the transient outward K+ current (Ito), which is produced by Kv4 channels, is greater in left ventricular epicardial (EPI) than in endocardial (ENDO) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying heterogeneous Kv4 expression in the heart are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differential [...

Transparent dielectric layers with varying compositions of TiO2 and SiO2, and ITO are deposited on sapphire and Si substrates by using an RF sputter system. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching (RIE) of the ITO hard mask is examined under H2, CH4, and Cl2 chemical environments. The slope of the sidewall and the etch residue on the sidewall of the ITO hard mask are controlled by...