Fisheries worldwide continue to suffer greatly from the negative consequences of open access, despite numerous regulatory “solutions”. In 1986, New Zealand responded by establishing the most comprehensive market-based Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system for fisheries management, resulting in the creation of over 150 fishing quota markets differentiated by geographic region and species. W...

In Hobbs (1983) (henceforth, ITQ) and Hobbs (1985) (OP) I developed the outlines of an approach to semantic representation in which the logical form of an English sentence is a flat (i.e., scope-free) conjunction of existentially quantified, positive literals, with roughly one literal per morpheme. In this representation scheme the logical form of a sentence is vague with respect to quantifier-...

Despite the increasingly positive reviews of individual transferable quotas (ITQs), few studies have considered how quota leasing activities can reduce the economic benefits to society and to fishermen operating under the ITQ fisheries system. This analysis reveals negative economic impacts of ITQs previously overlooked by examining the extent of quota leasing and the relationship between the c...

Liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), catalyzed by metal or metal-acid sites, provides an effective catalytic strategy to remove oxygen-containing functionalities of lignin-derived phenolic compounds on the route fuels and chemicals. Developing catalyst with high activity stability is crucial for such a chemical process but still remains significant challenge. In this contribution, highly disp...

Postapartheid fisheries reform in South Africa, through the Marine Living Resources Act (MLRA) 18 of 1998, used individual transferable quotas (ITQs) to broaden resource access through allocating quotas to new entrants, even though the system has been created to reduce capacity through a reduction in the number of active fishers. The formal action space created through fisheries reform in South...