Cells constantly change their membrane architecture and protein distribution, but it is extremely difficult to visualize these events at a temporal and spatial resolution on the order of ms and nm, respectively. We have developed a time-resolved electron microscopy technique, "flash-and-freeze," that induces cellular events with optogenetics and visualizes the resulting membrane dynamics by fre...

Erythrocytes collected from 1-day-old chicks were stabilized by fixation with formaldehyde and by freeze-drying after treatment with carbon monoxide. Suspensions of freeze-dried erythrocytes in distilled water or physiological saline had a homogeneous bright reddish-purple color. Freeze-dried erythrocytes were compared with fresh erythrocytes for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition...

Citrus leaves exposed to subfreezing temperatures evolved ethylene at rates between 0.1 and 38.3 microliters per kilogram fresh weight per hour whereas untreated leaves evolved between 0.01 and 0.50 microliter per kilogram fresh weight per hour. Leaves not injured by freezing temperatures did not abscise, and ethylene evolution was near normal after 2 days. Freeze-injured leaves continued evolv...

saffron is an important spice values for its color, aroma and flavor in the food industry. a significant proportion of saffron compound is lost during processing and storage because of its volatility and sensitivity to oxidation. thepresent research microencapsulated saffron color compounds (crocin) by freeze drying. the freeze-dried aqueous saffron effective compound extract was first prepared...

A comprehensive model study of Bose-Einstein correlation radii in heavy ion collisions is presented. The starting point is a longitudinally and transversally expanding fireball, represented at freeze-out by an azimuthally symmetric emission function. The freeze-out temperature is allowed to feature transverse and temporal gradients. Their effects on the correlation radii are studied. In particu...

The $\nu$MSM -- an extension of the Standard Model by three relatively light singlet Majorana fermions $N_{1,2,3}$ allows for generation lepton asymmetry which is several orders magnitude larger than observed baryon Universe. produced in interactions $N_{2,3}$ (with masses GeV region) at temperatures below sphaleron freeze out $ T \lesssim 130$ and can enhance cosmological production dark matte...

The Third Meeting of the Federation of European Societies of Neuropsychology (ESN) took place at the Congress Centre in Basel, Switzerland, from 7–9 September 2011. The theme of this meeting, which assembled more than 400 clinicians and researchers from many European countries as well as from North America, Asia and Australia, was ‘Neuropsychology across the Lifespan’. This theme gave the oppor...

BACKGROUND Although mouse spermatozoa can be freeze-dried without losing their reproductive capacity, the technique needs further improvements to reduce the incidence of chromosomal damage to spermatozoa. Effects of freeze-drying on human spermatozoa are unknown. METHODS Mouse spermatozoa were suspended in a Tris-buffered EGTA solution briefly (10 min at 37 degrees C) or for 1-7 days at 4 deg...

Hard real-time systems have stringent deadline requirements, which can be guaranteed at system design time by restricting the computational model so that a careful analysis of execution-time budgets and response-time values can be performed. However, design-time guarantees are not enough in many high-integrity systems, in which some degree of run-time fault-tolerance has to be implemented as we...

production and characterization of soft cross-linked gelatin sponge by using glutaraldehyde for blood hemostasis application, is the goal of this study. biodegradable hydrogels were prepared through crosslinking of gelatin with glutaraldehyde followed by freeze drying. the effects of gelatin concentration, amount of crosslink agent and freeze drying temperature on mechanical properties and elas...