A co-ordinated empirical European work (Project REPRESENTATION, MM 1045) has been led in six countries, with the aim of getting an insight of pupils’representations regarding ICT. A common protocol was defined. According to it, the pupils of one classroom in each country (fourth and fifth graders) were asked to draw a computer, to label its parts and to write short texts about computer uses. Re...

.

A mass of research have demonstrated that epigenetic gene modulation has been postulated to be an essential mechanism in cancer development and metastasis (Nelson et al., 2012). The modification of histone acetylation plays a critical role in epigenetics as the hotspot of international research (Sriraksa et al., 2013). Especially in histone tails the reversible acetylation of lysine residues ha...

In a field experiment under rainfed conditions, reductions in cane yield over three crops due to infection by ratoon stunting disease (RSD) ranged from 41% to 19 % respectively in varieties N17, N14, N21, NCo376 and N19. Losses in Nl2 were 10%, and in N23 and N22 were 7% and 1%. In a similar trial conducted under irrigation, the greatest reductions in cane yield over two crops were 32% in varie...

Given the importance of cross-disciplinary research (CDR), facilitating CDR effectiveness is a priority for many institutions and funding agencies. There are a number of CDR types, however, and the effectiveness of facilitation efforts will require sensitivity to that diversity. This article presents a method characterizing a spectrum of CDR designed to inform facilitation efforts that relies o...

As a country which frequently suffers from natural disasters, especially earthquakes, China has implemented its own disaster management system to respond to them. The Chinese government gained practical experiences on how to respond to severe earthquakes after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2010 Yushu Earthquake. Although China has done a lot to improve its response operations, challenges rem...

25-Dihydrosaframycin A(AR1) and 21-decyano-25-dihydrosaframycin A(AR3) were produced by the microbial conversion of saframycin A(SA). Efficient conversion of SA to AR, and AR3 was observed with Rhodococcus amidophifus IFM 144. Though the antimicrobial activity of AR, was one tenth that of SA, the in vitro antitumor activity of AR1 was found to be equivalent to that of SA. In contrast, AR, was b...