BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about any variations in resource use and costs of care between stroke subtypes, especially nonhospital costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of resource use and to estimate the first-year and lifetime costs for stroke subtypes. METHODS A cost-of-illness model was used to estimate the total first-year costs and lifetime costs of st...

environmental degradation and economic growth are two important proofs in sustainable developmentwhich are followed by steel industry. in this case, energy and environmental damages as sustainabilitypatterns of environment have been investigated in three different dust collectors to select the mostenvironmentally suitable dust collector for electric furnace. in this article, the consumption amo...

Home management is a very common approach to the treatment of illnesses such as malaria, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diarrhoea and sexually transmitted infections, frequently through over-the-counter purchase of drugs from shops. Inappropriate drugs and doses are often obtained, but interventions to improve treatment quality are rare. An educational programme for general shopkee...

OBJECTIVE To determine the cost effectiveness of fondaparinux sodium compared with enoxaparin sodium for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. METHODS Using a cohort simulation model, two primary analyses were conducted from the perspective of the US healthcare payer. Probabilities for a trial-based analysis were obtained from patients pa...

BACKGROUND The risk of viral infection associated with blood transfusion is lower than ever before because of aggressive screening and testing practices. NAT technology has lowered that risk even further but at an additional cost to the health-care system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Marginal cost-effectiveness of NAT for HIV, HCV, and HBV in whole-blood donations was calculated with a previousl...

OBJECTIVE Peripheral neuropathy is common among people with diabetes and can result in foot ulceration and amputation. The aim of this study was to quantify the annual medical costs of peripheral neuropathy and its complications among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cost-of-illness model was used to estimate the numbers of diabetic individuals ...