The decline of trees has been raised as one of the main problems in arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding the type and extent of the relationships among different environmental factors – e.g. soil characteristics as the basis for growth and development of plant species - and natural disturbances can be facilitated the ways of sustainable forest management and a useful tool for monitoring th...

Forest structure consider the spatial arrangement of trees characteristics such as age, size, species, gender and so on is.This study aimed to investigate the structural diversity of three one-hectare stands in the gap making phase, were studied. For this purpose, three sample plots with a one hectare area were selected in Asalem beech stands which belonged to the structural features of the gap...

the aim of this study has been to find answers for the following questions: 1. what is the effect of immediate correction on students pronunciation errors? 2. what would be the effect of teaching the more rgular patterns of english pronunciation? 3. is there any significant difference between the two methods of dealing with pronuciation errore, i. e., correction and the teaching of the regular ...

Tree marking can cause changes in forest. This study aimed to assess tree marking operation and to predict its effect on stand structure of Persian ironwood-hornbeam stands at Bahramnia forestry plan, north of Iran. Therefore 98 trees that were marked in compartment 9 of the mentioned forest in 2017 based on selection system and according to the recent laws of Forests, Range and Watershed Manag...

  Investigation of the ecological characteristics of wildlife species and determination of habitat suitability for them is one of the main pillars for wildlife management and protection. In this study, the winter and spring habitat suitability of black woodpecker (Dryocopusmartius) was studied in ShastKalateh forest. Habitat characteristics, including forest vegetationtype, structural character...

In recent years dieback and decline of oak trees in Zagros forests as an important environmental issue was raised and in many areas has been destroyed trees. In this regard, in order to provide operational strategy to manage this problem and use of the resprouting ability of oak trees. Four hectares of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) stands in Dasht-e Barm basin of Kazeroon, Fars province,...

the present study was an attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis between general english (ge) and english for specific purposes (esp) texts in terms of cohesion and cohesive devices. to this end, thirty texts from different esp and ge textbooks were randomly selected. then they were analyzed manually to find the frequency of cohesive devices. cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ...

abstract the current study sets out 1) to investigate the strategic needs of iranian efl learners in reading literary and non-literary texts; 2) to shed some light on the differences between reading literary and non-literary texts; and 3) to specify the differences in the interaction of participants with texts while reading two literary subgenres ( i.e., short story and literary essays). to ...