Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) is the most widely used genome editing tool in plants. The induced by SpCas9 strictly requires a canonical NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), significantly limiting its scope of application. Recently, five variants, SpCas9-NRRH, SpCas9-NRCH, SpCas9-NRTH, SpG, and SpRY, were developed to recognize non-canonical PAMs human cells. In this study, these varian...

Tandem repeats of certain trinucleotides show extensive intergenerational instability in humans that is associated with a class of genetic disorders known as the Triplet Expansion Diseases. This instability is thought to be a consequence of the formation of intrastrand structures, including hairpins, triplexes and tetraplexes, by the tandem repeats. I show here that CGG-repeats which are associ...

P e ngg u n a an material yang kuat tetapi ringan sangat penting pada struktur pesawat terbang, salah satu digunakan terbang adalah komposit honeycomb sandwich panel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dengan membandingkan kekuatan tekan dan tekuk panel apabila core divariasikan ke bentuk berbeda asalnya, seperti terinspirasi alam beberapa peneliti sudah menggunakannya be...

This study aimed at comparing toxic element (Hg, Cd) bioaccumulation in relation to age for bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Mediterranean and Atlantic waters. Metal concentrations were also measured in selected prey to infer metal exposure through the diet. As expected, Mediterranean prey exhibited the highest Hg levels, probably as a consequenc...

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) is a revolutionary technology that enables efficient genomic modification in many organisms. Currently, the wide use of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) primarily recognizes sites harbouring a canonical NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). The newly developed VQR (D1135V/R1335Q/T1337R) variant of C...

BRAF-V600E (1799T > A) is one of the most frequently reported driver mutations in multiple types of cancers, and patients with such mutations could benefit from selectively inactivating the mutant allele. Near this mutation site, there are two TTTN and one NGG protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs) for Cpf1 and Cas9 CRISPR nucleases, respectively. The 1799T > A substitution also leads to the occurr...

Genome editing technologies based on RNAguided nucleases (RGNs) derived from prokaryotic type II CRISPR-Cas9 adaptive immune systems, such as that from Streptococcus pyogenes and, more recently, Staphylococcus aureus, are becoming increasingly pervasive in both basic and applied research. RGNs are ribonucleoprotein complexes whose sequence-specific guide RNA (gRNA) moieties address a Cas9 nucle...

This paper presents theory for Normalized Random Measures (NRMs), Normalized Generalized Gammas (NGGs), a particular kind of NRM, and Dependent Hierarchical NRMs which allow networks of dependent NRMs to be analysed. These have been used, for instance, for time-dependent topic modelling. In this paper, we first introduce some mathematical background of completely random measures (CRMs) and thei...