Keratinase is an important industrial enzyme, but its application performance limited by low activity. A rational design of 5′-UTRs that increases translation efficiency approach to enhance protein expression. Herein, we optimized the 5′-UTR recombinant keratinase KerZ1 expression element secretory activity in Bacillus subtilis WB600 through Spacer design, RBS screening, and sequence simplifica...

OBJECTIVES OCT4 is a transcription factor required for pluripotency during early embryogenesis and the maintenance of identity of embryonic stem cells and pluripotent cells. Therefore, the effective expression regulation of this gene is highly critical. UTR regions are of great significance to gene regulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential regulatory role played by 5´UTR ...

Many bacterial type I toxin mRNAs possess a long 5΄ untranslated region (UTR) that serves as the target site of the corresponding antitoxin sRNA. This is the case for the zorO-orzO type I system where the OrzO antitoxin base pairs to the 174-nucleotide zorO 5΄ UTR. Here, we demonstrate that the full-length 5΄ UTR of the zorO type I toxin hinders its own translation independent of the sRNA where...

It has been hypothesized that both the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) and the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA influence the expression of the ODC protein. Here, we use luciferase expression constructs to examine the influence of both UTRs in keratinocyte derived cell lines. The ODC 5'UTR or 3'UTR was cloned into the pGL3 control vector upstream or downst...

Recent studies have suggested that the secondary structure of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA) is important for microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation in humans. mRNAs that are targeted by miRNA tend to have a higher degree of local secondary structure in their 5' UTR; however, the general role of the 5' UTR in miRNA-mediated gene regulation remains unknown. We sys...

The sequences of the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation, but whether a change in UTR length can significantly affect the regulation of gene expression is not clear. In this study, we examined the connection between UTR length and Expression Correlation with cytosolic ribosomal proteins (CRP) genes (ECC), which measures the level of expres...

To better understand regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis, we studied cellular and viral mRNA translation in influenza virus-infected cells. Influenza virus infection results in a dramatic shut-off of cellular protein synthesis that is concomitant with selective viral mRNA translation. Earlier work showed that these events are mediated by viral and/or cellular factors binding to the 5' un...

Translation initiation on most eukaryotic mRNAs occurs via a cap-dependent scanning mechanism and its efficiency is modulated by their 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR). The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 5'-UTR contains a stable TAR hairpin directly at its 5'-end, which possibly masks the cap structure. In addition, the 5'-UTR is relatively long and contains several stable RNA stru...