Perhaps the most fundamental element in the theory of the public sector is the view that the government is an exogenous, benevolent economic agent. The benevolence of the government is often expressed by assuming it to maximize a ‘‘social welfare’’ function of the form Ð utðxðtÞÞmðdtÞ, where the ut are utility functions, x is an allocation of consumption bundles and m is a distribution of agent...

introduction: esophagus injuries secondary to caustic ingestion occurs frequently in children. oral damages cannot give us a clear image of what has happened in upper gi. therefore endoscopy is only diagnostic way to evaluate upper gi injuries. in this study, we found out the endoscopic results in children admitted with caustic ingestion in qaem(a. s.) hospital between 2011 to 2013 , and compar...