A stress procedure for reliability screening, SHOrt Voltage Elevation (SHOVE) test, is analyzed here. During SHOVE, test vectors are run at higher-than-normal supply voltage for a short period. Functional tests and IDDQ tests are then performed at the normal voltage. This procedure is effective in screening oxide thinning, which occurs when the oxide thickness of a transistor is less than expec...

background: delivering the maximum dose to tumor while achieving the minimum dose delivery to normal tissue; is the most important goal in external radiotherapy. diode in vivo dosimetry is widely considered to be an important tool for quality improvement of patient care in external radiotherapy. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within 5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by internat...

BACKGROUND Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to understand characteristics of secondary electrons generated from interaction of gold nanoparticles GNPs with x-rays as a function of nanoparticle size and beam energy and ...

The recording of heart signal is called Electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG is used to measure, analyze, observe the heart function and heart abnormalities like cardiac murmur, myocardial infarction etc. The ECG electrodes are sensitive in nature, even the small noise mixed with original signal changes the ECG wave pattern. The ECG signal voltage ranges from 0.5 to 6mV and artifacts can be easily mixe...

A high-speed and high-accuracy continuous-time common-mode feedback block (CMFB) is presented. To satisfy speed and accuracy requirements, some modi ̄cations have been applied on di®erential di®erence ampli ̄er (DDA) CMFB circuit. The proposed method is applied to a folded cascode op-amp with power supply of 3.3V. In order to verify the proposed circuit, simulations are done in 0.35 m standard CM...

The upgrade of the ISOLDE machine at CERN foresees a superconducting linac based on two gap independently phased Nb sputtered Quarter Wave Resonators (QWRs) working at 101.28MHz and producing an accelerating field of 6MV/m on axis. A careful study of the fields in the cavity has been carried out in order to pin down the crucial e-m parameters of the structure such as peak fields, quality factor...

Introduction: External radiotherapy is the most common method of radiotherapy which the most important problem associated with is that there is no difference between healthy and tumor tissues in dose absorption. One way to differentiate the dose sensitivity is to use metal-based nanoparticles. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles are good candidates for cancer radiotherapy. In this study, we investigate...

The analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) was implemented in the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) treatment planning system to replace the single pencil beam (SPB) algorithm for the calculation of dose distributions for photon beams. AAA was developed to improve the dose calculation accuracy, especially in heterogeneous media. The total dose deposition is calculated as the superposition of the...