wireless sensor networks (wsns) are one of the most interesting consequences of innovations in different areas of technology including wireless and mobile communications, networking, and sensor design. these networks are considered as a class of wireless networks which are constructed by a set of sensors. a large number of applications have been proposed for wsns. besides having numerous applic...

a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...

Zero-energy city, sustainable City and zero-carbon city are new terms in cities’ energy management. In this study, a framework of designing a Low-Carbon Eco-City (LCEC) in urban sector of Mashhad with focus on sustainable supply of electrical energy has been simulated. For this purpose, the maximum potential of biomass renewable electricity and expansion of photovoltaic capacity- required to co...

Urban watersheds have been a centerpiece among communities over the last few decades. Every growing urban watershed requires a system designed to store rainwater (runoff). Hence, estimating the amount of runoff and runoff generation percentage of different parts in an urban catchment system is substantial. Therefore, this was set as the cornerstone for assessing the hydrological response of dif...