Byte pair encoding (BPE) algorithm was suggested by P. Gage is to achieve data compression. It encodes all instances of most frequent byte-pair using zerofrequency byte in the source data. This process is repeated for maximum m possible number of passes until no further compression is possible, either because there are no more frequently occurring byte pairs or there are no more unused zero-fre...

Image representation using quadtrees is useful in many applications and is well known in computer graphics. It has been shown that we can represent quadtrees asrationallanguages that are recognizable by finite state automata (FSA) [1]. These FSA can use less memory and are more flexible than their corresponding quadtrees. Binary image representation using FSA follows these two main steps: (1) F...

We present a novel approach named T-Base for smoothing planar and surface quadrilateral meshes. Our motivation is that the best shape of quadrilateral element – square – can be virtually divided into a pair of equilateral right triangles by any of its diagonals. When move a node to smooth a quadrilateral, it is optimal to make a pair of triangles divided by a diagonal be equilateral right trian...

velocity analysis is one of the most important step in seismic data processing. it affects not only many processing steps directly and indirectly, but also is known as a primary interpretation of the data. however, it can also be assumed as one of the most time consuming processing step. the conventional velocity analysis method measures the energy amplitude along hyperbolic trajectories within...

In order to determine the best form factor formula for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in Talesh (Western Guilan province-Iran), a number of 110 trees were selected based on their distribution in diameter classes, from 12 to 34 cm (in a two- cm diameter interval). First, several quantitative factors including diameter at breast height, diameter at 0.65 m of height, and diameter at st...

quad rotor is a renowned underactuated unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) with widespread military and civilian applications. despite its simple structure, the vehicle suffers from inherent instability. therefore, control designers always face formidable challenge in stabilization and control goal. in this paper fuzzy membership functions of the quad rotor’s fuzzy controllers are optimized using nat...

9

We consider the model of random trees introduced by Devroye [SIAM J Comput 28, 409– 432, 1998]. The model encompasses many important randomized algorithms and data structures. The pieces of data (items) are stored in a randomized fashion in the nodes of a tree. The total path length (sum of depths of the items) is a natural measure of the efficiency of the algorithm/data structure. Using renewa...