BACKGROUND The roles of complex muscle sleeve geometry and fiber orientation in the pulmonary veins (PVs) in wave-front propagation are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We mapped the left superior PV (LSPV, n=7) and left inferior PV (LIPV, n=4) of dogs with 420 bipolar electrodes (1-mm resolution) and performed detailed histological examination. In the anterior LSPV-left atrial (LA) jun...

The globus pallidus (GP) consists of two neuron populations, distinguished according to their immunoreactivity for parvalbumin (PV). The PV-immunoreactive (PV+) neurons project preferentially to "downstream" targets such as the subthalamic and entopeduncular nuclei, whereas neurons lacking PV (PV- neurons) project preferentially to the striatum, suggesting a role for PV- cells in feedback to st...

The single-phase transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, mainly the low-power single-phase systems, require high efficiency, small size, lightweight, and low-cost grid-connected inverters. However, problems such as leakage current, the DC current injection and safety issues are incorporated with transformerless grid-connected PV inverters. Besides, the new standards such as Lo...

The use of photovoltaic (PV) cells in domestic and industrial applications has grown rapidly through the recent years. Constructing PV plants is a very smart measure to produce free electricity in large scales, especially in the countries with higher solar irradiation potential. On the other hand, compressed air energy storage (CAES) has already been proposed to be employed for energy storage a...

staphylococcus aureus carrying pvl gene remain major health problem associated with highly virulent infections. characterization of such gene is important to know the impact and the functional significance of nucleotide variations. pcr and standard sequencing were performed for twelve sudanese strains from different sources. protein structures prediction, modeling and physiochemical analysis we...

-This paper presents a steady-state model of a gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) MODELS. Recently the PV system has been introduced in power systems. The previous PV generation was used only to supply small loads or for home use. Nowadays, installations of grid-connected PV systems are increasing due to several advantages compared to standalon...

INTRODUCTION There are currently no studies systematically evaluating pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) using the anatomic PV ablation approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one patients with AF underwent anatomic PV ablation under the guidance of a three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) ima...

The market for photovoltaic (PV) energy systems is expanding rapidly in the U.S. Almost 100,000 PV systems have been installed in California alone, more than 90% of which are residential. Some of those “PV homes” have sold, yet little research exists estimating if those homes sold for significantly more than similar non-PV homes. A clearer understanding of these effects might influence the deci...

pemphigus vulgaris (pv) is one of the most common and studied autoimmune disorders of skin. the knock down of desmogleins in the skin by igg antibodies will eventually leads to mucocutaneous problems in both genders. targeting the cardinal molecules involved in the pathways of immune response is the main goal of given therapy. with regard to the side effects of long term use of immunosuppressiv...