BACKGROUND Escalation of consumption is a hallmark of cocaine addiction. Many animal models reveal escalation by increasing the duration of drug access (e.g., 6-24 h/day) after longer histories of self-administration. We recently developed a method that reveals escalation early post-acquisition under shorter access conditions. However, whether or not rats will escalate cocaine consumption both ...

Numerous studies from several laboratories report that temporary inactivation of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus and regions of overlying cortex during eye-blink conditioning completely prevents acquisition of the conditioned eye-blink response (CR) without affecting the ability to learn the CR in subsequent training without inactivation. Recently, these results have been challenged by the ...

the aim of this study was to compare the effect of audience and music on learning and performance of basketball free throw. subjects were 36 healthy non-athlete girls (age: 22.8±1.59 years, height: 163.1± 5.63 cm and weight: 54.5±7.06) who were randomly divided into three groups of audience (n=12), music (n=12) and control (n=12). protocol of acquisition phase included basketball free throw for...

We examined effects of increasing rate of exposure to training trials on response acquisition. Academic objectives for 2 participants at a residential school for children with autism were selected for inclusion in the study due to a lack of progress. During baseline, teaching sessions were conducted once or twice a day, five days a week until response acquisition was not improving. Using a mult...

Rats increased preference for ethanol after sessions of appetitive extinction, but not after acquisition (reinforced) sessions (Manzo et al., 2014). Drinking was not influenced by appetitive extinction in control groups with postsession access to water, rather than ethanol. Because ethanol has anxiolytic properties in tasks involving reward loss, these results were interpreted as anti-anxiety s...

The spatial water maze is routinely used to investigate hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and the biological mechanisms that underlie variability in cognitive decline during aging. The utility of the task for repeated testing in order to examine the trajectory of cognitive decline and to prescreen animals prior to therapeutic interventions maybe limited due to carryover effects of repeated t...