Acyclovir is effective in the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of acyclovir observed following treatment with intravenous acyclovir and oral valacyclovir (valaciclovir) in young people with malignancy. Plasma acyclovir concentration-time data were collecte...

Background: Acyclovir is asynthetic purin nucleoside analog,which has been reported to be very effective against the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. Acyclovir is known to be toxic to gonads, but available literature fails to provide the indepth analyses of damage.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Acyclovir on DNA damage and nuclear maturatio...

BACKGROUND Wide distribution and low half-life of acyclovir has led to a high dose consumption of the drug. Recent studies have shown that encapsulation of acyclovir in nano-carriers can increase effectiveness and decrease its side effects. We investigated the inhibitory effect of acyclovir loaded nano-niosomes against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in cell culture. METHODS In-vitro cyto...

Sixty patients with simple dendritic corneal ulceration were randomly assigned to double blind treatment with either acyclovir tablets (400 mg) or acyclovir ophthalmic ointment administered five times daily. There was no significant difference in the proportions of patients healed in either treatment group (88.9% on oral acyclovir and 96.6% on acyclovir ointment). The median healing time was fi...

BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus resistance to acyclovir is well described in immune-compromised patients. Management of prolonged infection and recurrences in such patients may be problematic. METHODS A patient with neuroblastoma developed likely primary herpes gingivostomatitis shortly after starting a course of chemotherapy, with spread to the eye during treatment with acyclovir. Viral isol...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) strain 1737, acyclovir-resistant and uniformly thymidine kinase-deficient (tkD) by all conventional assays, clinically reactivated in an AIDS patient in the absence of antiviral drug pressure. Investigation of its neurovirulence and latency characteristics in a mouse model using a tkD plaque isolate (1737-14), however, yielded a neurovirulent, homogeneous, acyclovir-s...

Oral valacyclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, acyclovir-controlled, multicenter clinical trial in recipients of allogeneic BMT who were CMV seropositive (or donor positive) before transplantation and were aged 13 years or older. Patients were randomized before BMT. All initially received intravenous a...

BACKGROUND Genital herpes is epidemic in the United States; long-term acyclovir therapy is common; and long-term use of antimicrobials in suppressive doses favors development of resistance. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for acyclovir-resistant genital herpes. METHODS We identified and attempted to enroll all patients 18 years or older with suspected genital herpe...

OBJECTIVE To compare valacyclovir hydrochloride with acyclovir in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes infection. DESIGN A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-design study. SETTING University clinics (dermatology, gynecology, and infectious diseases) and private practices. PATIENTS One thousand two hundred patients with recurrent genital herpes simplex...

Forty patients were entered into a randomised placebo controlled crossover study to assess the efficacy and safety of oral acyclovir 200 mg four times a day in the prophylaxis of recurrent genital herpes. Each treatment began during a recurrence and continued for a maximum of 84 days or until the onset of the next recurrence, when the alternate medication was started. Of 28 patients who complet...