In drug addiction, cues previously associated with drug use can produce craving and frequently trigger the resumption of drug taking in individuals vulnerable to relapse. Environmental stimuli associated with drugs or natural reinforcers can become reliably conditioned to increase behavior that was previously reinforced. In preclinical models of addiction, these cues enhance both drug self-admi...

Relapse in drug use constitutes a research topic on addiction that is relevant for understanding both the addictive process and its clinical implications. The objective of this study was to explore if it possible identify patient profiles according their performance cognitive tasks whilst examining relationship between such relapse. sample consisted 222 patients with dependence cocaine / or alc...

Relapse is the chief problem of drug addiction where a successfully abstinent patient returns to seemingly extinct manners of drug consumption. While various parameters were identified as affecting relapse, the general dynamics of drug consumption is yet to be understood. We introduce a model that describes addiction focusing on a single statevalue factor, mediated in the Nucleus Accumbence (NA...

AIMS The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of our knowledge of the neurobiological bases of addiction relevant for the diagnosis of addiction. METHODS A heuristic framework of neuroadaptive changes within key brain neurocircuitry responsible for different stages of the addiction cycle is outlined and linked to human studies to provide important future translational links for di...

Drug addiction is a worldwide epidemic. To reduce its spread, understanding the nature of addiction is crucial and possible treatments have to be developed. Current models of drug addiction only explain why addiction is overwhelming and cannot be overcome. Instead we focus on the dynamic of addiction, which includes rehabilitation and relapse. The model identifies the combination of factors tha...

conclusions according to our findings, supplementing drug abuse treatment with cognitive behavior therapy, particularly pse, can reduce relapse rate and enhance self efficacy and self esteem among patients. objectives the current study attempted to clarify the effects of problem solving education (pse) on relapse rate, self efficacy and self esteem among drug abusers. patients and methods this ...

The view that anatomically distinct memory systems differentially contribute to the development of drug addiction and relapse has received extensive support. The present brief review revisits this hypothesis as it was originally proposed 20 years ago (1) and highlights several recent developments. Extensive research employing a variety of animal learning paradigms indicates that dissociable neu...

Introduction: The problem of relapse makes addiction treatment complicated because almost 80% of addicts relapse after treatment completion during the first six months. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting relapse in addicts referred to addiction treatment centers in Marand. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that was performed on 306 patients in the ci...