The family Pteridaceae in Iraq comprises 6 species belongs5 genera. These occur a diverse range of environments including humid temperate forests, the falls waterfalls and shrub lands. fern was collected from different locations environment geographical habitats during seasons two districts Iraqi Kurdistan. anatomical structure aerial parts were studied. Fronds petiole rachis (midribe) exhibitY...

Organelle movement and positioning are essential for proper cellular function. A nucleus moves dynamically during cell division and differentiation and in response to environmental changes in animal, fungal, and plant cells. Nuclear movement is well-studied and the mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in animal and fungal cells, but not in plant cells. In prothallial cells of the fern Adiantu...

Objective: Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology where many factors might play a role.  Adiantum capillus-veneris mayhave beneficial effects in colitis because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing and antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative effects of A. capillus-...

UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Understanding fern (monilophyte) phylogeny and its evolutionary timescale is critical for broad investigations of the evolution of land plants, and for providing the point of comparison necessary for studying the evolution of the fern sister group, seed plants. Molecular phylogenetic investigations have revolutionized our understanding of fern phylogeny, howe...

Background: This study's primary goal was to collect and document uses of plants by local residents Shawal Valley, South Waziristan, Pakistan. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire used interview 65 (24 women 41 males). The Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Jaccard Index (JI). Results: research region is abode 60 pla...

The stomata of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris lack a blue light-specific opening response but open in response to red light. We investigated this light response of Adiantum stomata and found that the light wavelength dependence of stomatal opening matched that of photosynthesis. The simultaneous application of red (2 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and far-red (50 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) light synergis...