BACKGROUND Smokers, previous smokers and a never smoked group were compared on self-reported and real world prospective memory (PM - the cognitive ability of remembering to carry out particular actions at some future point in time). METHODS Twenty-seven current smokers, 24 people who had never smoked and 18 previous smokers were compared using an existing groups design. Scores on the long and...

The authors investigated the phenomenon that performance in an ongoing task declines when individuals must carry out a prospective memory (PM) task. This effect is referred to as the PM interference effect. The authors examined whether the PM interference effect differs between event-based and time-based PM tasks and whether it is increased among the elderly. The authors also investigated adult...

4 Preventive maintenance (PM) is a maintenance program with activities initiated at predetermined intervals, or 5 according to prescribed criteria, and intended to reduce the probability of failure, or the degradation of the functioning 6 of an item. In the literature, a number of PM models have been introduced to depict the effectiveness of PM. Based on 7 these models, approaches to scheduling...

Background: Reducing the effects of climate change and air pollution is a global priority at present. To formulate effective policies for achieving such a reduction requires a good understanding of the underlying phenomena. This study assessed the role of Nasr Kashan Factory in the emissions of particulate matter (PM). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, PM concentrations at 9 stations ins...

The development of working memory capacity is considered from the perspective of the active maintenance of items in primary memory (PM) and a cue-dependent search component, secondary memory (SM). Using free recall, plus a more novel serial interleaved items task, age-related increases in PM estimates were evident in both paradigms. In addition to this, age-related improvements in attentional s...

To explain age deficits found in laboratory-based prospective memory (PM) tasks, it has recently been suggested that the testing situation per se may be more stressful for older adults, thereby impairing their performance. To test this assumption, subjective and physiological stress levels were assessed at several times during the experiment in 33 younger and 29 older adults. In addition, half ...

BACKGROUND Urotensin II (UII) has been identified as a ligand for the orphan receptor GPR14 through which it elicits potent vasoconstriction in humans and non-human primates. The pulmonary vasculature is particularly sensitive; human UII (hUII) exhibits a potency 28 times that of endothelin (ET)-1 in isolated pulmonary arteries obtained from cynomolgus monkeys. However, hUII induced vasoconstri...

Background: Urotensin II (UII) has been identified as a ligand for the orphan receptor GPR14 through which it elicits potent vasoconstriction in humans and non-human primates. The pulmonary vasculature is particularly sensitive; human UII (hUII) exhibits a potency 28 times that of endothelin (ET)-1 in isolated pulmonary arteries obtained from cynomolgus monkeys. However, hUII induced vasoconstr...

A generalized age-replacement policy with age-dependent minimal repair and random leadtime is considered. A model is developed for the average cost per unit time and is based on the stochastic behavior of the assumed system and reflects the cost of storing a spare as well as the cost of system downtime. Determination of the minimum-cost policy time is described and illustrated with a numerical ...