in recent years, reducing emissions has become an important issue. besides reducing the economic costs, reducing the fuel consumption decreases emissions, pollutant impact and increases society health as well. green vehicle routing problem are a major key to reduce hazardous effects of transportation such as air pollution, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions, noise and the like. generally, the amoun...

In this work we present a study about the issues related to the penetr ation of alternative fuel vehicles in the colombian mar ket. Currently there is a need to change the vehicle global market to cleaner energy sources in order to prevent an increase in global warming. In the long run, the goal is to replace fossil fuels with green ones. We implemented this in a ...

The availability of retail stations can be a significant barrier to the adoption of alternative fuel light-duty vehicles in household markets. This is especially the case during early market growth when retail stations are likely to be sparse and when vehicles are dedicated in the sense that they can only be fuelled with a new alternative fuel. For some bi-fuel vehicles, which can also fuel wit...

Mobile sources are among the largest contributors of four hazardous air pollutants--benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde--in urban areas. At the same time, federal and state governments are promoting the use of alternative fuel vehicles as a means to curb local air pollution. As yet, the impact of this movement toward alternative fuels with respect to toxic emissions has not b...

In the present study, the aim is to optimize full and half toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in order to minimize the vehicle fuel consumption (FC) in ECE driving cycle. First, the model of both CVTs’ efficiency is presented. The control strategy of CVTs speed ratio based on minimizing the vehicle FC is introduced, and the algorithm of calculating the vehicle FC is shown. Afterw...

(CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. A key motivation for alternative-fuel vehicles, such as FCVs, is climate change, and recognition is growing across the globe. Approximately 14% of GHG emissions come from the transportation sector worldwide (1). GHG emissions from transportation are expected to increase rapidly over the next few decades. Between 2000 and 2030, the Inter...