In this paper, the Generalized Selection Combining (GSC) diversity scheme over Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is presented. The closed-form expressions for Average Symbol Error Rate (ASER) of arbitrary M-ary Cross Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (XQAM) and M-ary rectangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is also derived in the paper.

In many animals, the information most important for processing communication sounds, including speech, consists of temporal envelope cues below approximately 20 Hz. Physiological studies, however, have typically emphasized the upper limits of modulation encoding. Responses to sinusoidal AM (SAM) are generally summarized by modulation transfer functions (MTFs), which emphasize tuning to modulati...

Gray shades are essential to reproduce images on displays. Amplitude modulation technique allows a large number of gray shades to be displayed in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Number of voltage levels in the addressing waveforms of amplitude modulation is at least twice the desired number of gray shades. Hence, hardware complexity of the column driver is high as compared to other techniques f...

The amplitude and phase components of the modulation spectrum were dissociated in order to ascertain the importance of cross-spectral, envelope-modulation phase information for understanding spoken language. The dissociation was effected via local time reversals of the speech waveform (i.e., flipping the signal on its horizontal axis) at intervals ranging between 0 and 180 ms. Intelligibility d...

Integration and recovery processes contribute to the temporal selectivity of neurons in the midbrain of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens Abstract This study examined the mechanisms underlying amplitude modulation selectivity in the anuran auditory midbrain. Single units were recorded extracel-lularly in the torus semicircularis of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Two physiologica...

Speech contains complex amplitude modulations that have envelopes with multiple temporal cues. The processing of these complex envelopes is not well explained by the classical models of amplitude modulation processing. This may be because the evidence for the models typically comes from the use of simple sinusoidal amplitude modulations. In this study we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to gen...

abstract introduction: interferential current is one of the most popular kinds of electrical stimulation that are used in electrotherapy. despite its clinical popularity, there have been limited studies to investigate how this stimulation protocol affects the nerve fibers. this study was aimed to develop a realistic model for the stimulation of nerve fibers by interferential currents and using ...

There has been a dramatic change in the field of field of telelcommunication service. M-ary Quadrature Amplitude modulation and Quadrature Phase shift Keying (QPSK) modulation schemes are considered in Wideband code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) system. Here we are using MATLAB for simulation and evaluation of BER ( Bit Error Rate )and SNR(Siganl to Noise Ratio). There is analysis of Quadratu...