The investigation presented in this paper is a novel method in question answering (QA) that enables a QA system to gain performance through reuse of information in the answer to one question to answer another related question. Our analysis shows that a pair of question in a general open domain QA can have embedding relation through their mentions of noun phrase expressions. We present methods f...

1Introduction How doesmemory work? How doweunderstandlanguage, andproduce itsothat others canu nderstand?How dow eperceiveour environment? How dow ei nfer from patterns oflightorsoundthe presence ofobjects inour environment,andtheir properties? How dowereason,andsolveproblems? How dowethink? Thesea resomeofthe foundationalq uestions thatcognitivepsychology examines. Theyarefoundationalpartly be...

Background: It is important to learn how to study for different examinations. The objective of the current study is to explore whether the assessment method selection would significantly affect the studying and learning approaches of students. Methods: This descriptive-analytical research consisted of 191 first-year undergraduate nursing students from three nursing schools and was conducted dur...

not well distinguishing between question fact and question of law, by lawyers, experts and judges produces unfavorable consequences on civil procedural system, from which substantially, our current judicial system suffers. our judges don't know well their duty to the wrong qualifications made in the pleas; solely being damages, the subject of plea, they rapidly assign the whole case to the...

Abstract With the swift growth of information over past few years, taking full benefit is increasingly essential. Question Answering System one promising methods to access this much information. The lacks humans’ common sense and reasoning power cannot identify unanswerable questions irrelevant questions. These are answered by making unreliable incorrect guesses. In paper, we address limitation...