monumental changes occurring on a daily basis have altered the world into a global village of expanding technology and shrinking geography in which preparing language learners for intercultural communication seems to be a sine qua non for modern language education. employing a cross-sectional design in its first phase, this study investigated the intercultural sensitivity and language proficien...

this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

Introduction: The identification of manger behavior style and its relation with staff organization commitment, Job attitudes and their satisfaction level is one of the important areas of management in the last several decades. The goal of this study was examination of leadership style in education mangers and its relation with faculty organizational commitment. Methods: Statistical popul...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a causal model of job motivation with organizational-citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediating role of organizational commitment in teachers in Ramhormoz, Iran.  Methodology: The sample was 250 (125 females and 125 male) teachers, selected by stratified random sampling method, in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study was applied and research ...