BACKGROUND It is now recognized that large diameter myelinated afferents provide the primary source of lower limb proprioceptive information for maintaining an upright standing position. Small diameter afferents transmitting noxious stimuli, however, can also influence motor behaviors. Despite the possible influence of pain on motor behaviors, the effects of pain on the postural control system ...

introduction: ankle fracture is one of the most common joint fractures. x-ray and physical examination are its main methods of diagnosis. recently, ultrasonography (us) is considered as a simple and non-invasive method of fracture diagnosis. this study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of us in detection of ankle fracture in comparison to plain radiography. methods: in this diagnostic accuracy ...

introduction anterior talofibular ligament (atfl) rupture is the most commonly injured anatomic structure in lateral ankle sprain. in some cases, atfl avulsion fracture from the lateral malleolus may occur instead of purely ligamentous injuries. the atfl avulsion fracture is detected as a small ossicle at the tip of lateral malleolus on direct radiographs, which is called os subfibulare in chro...

Spitzoid melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that, clinically and histologically, resembles a Spitz nevus. Clinically, spitzoid melanomas usually evolve from amelanotic nodular lesions, growing to 1 cm or more in diameter. They often remain clinically undiagnosed because of their wide variety of clinical appearances and a lack of pigmentation. Distinguishing a Spitz nevus from a spitzoid melanoma...

Purpose: To determine the more effective ankle brace (lace-up or Aircast ankle brace) at providing dynamic postural control in volleyball players with unstable ankle under functional fatigue conditions. Methods: Subjects of this study participated in 3 separate testing sessions and did not use or used a different brace at each session i.e. no brace (NB), lace-up ankle brace (AB), and Airca...

Purpose: Many research studies reported balance disorder as one of the most important consequences of Functional Ankle Instability. However, the Balance Recovery Strategy, which its deficiency can cause poor balance or secondary damages, has not been investigated in previous studies yet. The purpose of this article is to study the Balance Recovery Strategy in athletes with Functional Ankle Inst...

background: ankle fractures, especially those resulting from external rotation mechanisms are associated with injury to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. some authors have recommended performing ct scanning after open ankle surgery to evaluate the reduction of syndesmosis. in this current study, we aimed to investigate the sensitivity of plain radiography in diagnosing syndesmosis malreducti...

introduction :  an ankle sprain is the most common injuries which due to damage to the proprioceptive receptors and decrease stability, the risk of re- injury is high. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of star excursion balance training on ankle sprain rehabilitation. materials and methods: sixteen non-professional athletes with history of unilateral ankle sprain which reporte...

Objectives: This paper describes further improvement and preliminarily evaluation of a novel viscoelastic ankle-foot prosthesis prototype. The objective was to control the ankle hysteresis at slow and normal walking speeds. Methods: Inspired by the ankle biomechanics, in which the hysteresis differs based on the gait speeds, a manually damping control mechanism imbedded in the prosthesis for...