This study estimates the effects of human capital underutilization on economic growth and productivity. paper investigated relationship between using a variety econometric tests like Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Integration ARDL model. The results indicate that, there is negative growth. that has greater long-term impact than it does in short run. Reforms to education training systems...

In this article, we introduce the command bsrwalkdrift, which is primarily intended to perform a bootstrap unit-root test under null hypothesis of random walk with drift. The method implemented in considerably more precise than corresponding case conventional augmented Dickey–Fuller test, can be inaccurate when true value drift term small relative standard deviation innovations. also has an opt...

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between Azerbaijan`s traditional energy production, renewable production and unemployment rates. While performing analysis, it was first tested whether data were stationary or not. stabilized by using Augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF). After making stationary, VAR model established, appropriate lag lengths determined. analyzed Granger Caus...

The bad small sample performance of unit root tests is well known and depends partly on the existence of nuisance parameters. To deal with this Johansen (2004) presents a small sample correction of the Dickey-Fuller test. The correction factor depends on biased parameter estimates. The purpose of this study is to, through simulation, compare the small sample correction with a bootstrap approach...

We consider the bootstrap unit root tests based on finite order autoregressive integrated models driven by iid innovations, with or without deterministic time trends. A general methodology is developed to approximate asymptotic distributions for the models driven by integrated time series, and used to obtain asymptotic expansions for the Dickey–Fuller unit root tests. The second-order terms in ...

Foreign trade or international is one of the key indicators country’s economic growth. Economic development considered as major concerns for any developing countries like India. India’s foreign plays a pivotal role in ascertaining performance GDP growth country.The present study examines relationship between export, import, openness and growthof India using secondary sources from 1997-2021colle...