Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae) are a morphologically diverse and widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes which exhibit oxygenic (O2evolving) photosynthesis similar to plants (Stanier and Cohen-Bazire, 1977). They are among the oldest life forms on earth which evolved around 2.4 billion years ago (Fischer, 2008). Comprising about 150 genera with more than 2000 species, they exhi...

Lipase genes originating from the Gram-negative bacteria Serrutiu marcescens and Pseudomonus urruginosa were cloned. S. marcescens lipase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli yielding inclusion bodies which were purified and finally refolded to give enzymatically active lipase. The lipase operon of P. aeruginosa consisting of genes 1ipA and lip14 was cloned behind the T7 410 promoter and overe...

Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms, and which can be extracted from cells and then used to catalyse a wide range of commercially important processes. This chapter covers the basic principles of enzymology, such as classification, structure, kinetics and inhibition, and also provides an overview of industrial appl...

The olfactory system of mammals allows the detection and discrimination thousands odors from environment. In mammals, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are considered responsible to carry odorant molecules across aqueous nasal mucus receptors (ORs). three-dimensional structure these presents eight antiparallel ?-sheets a short ?-helical segment close C terminus, typical lipocalins family. great a...