OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in , have elevated levels of metals or not. The produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the comme...

background: prevalence of obesity in children has been increased during recent decades all over the world. obesity, particularly, abdominal obesity (ao) is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. this study aimed to assess obesity and central obesity within students aged 11-18 of birjand city. methods: this cross‑sectional and descriptive‑ analytical study was...

BACKGROUND Achieving a balanced and proper nutrition is one of the most important health objectives in the early years of the child's life. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of the mothers covered by the urban health centers of Birjand about nutritional behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the mothers with ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of smoking on hearing loss in factory workers with occupational noise exposure. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, from May to July 2013, and comprised smoking and non-smoking factory male workers. All of them were exposed to occupational noise level more than 85 decibels for at least 10 yea...

BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the important complications in diabetic patients. Various factors trigger the onset and intensity of erectile dys-function. This study was done to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and some associated factors among type II-diabetic patients in Birjand, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, which was carried out in Birjand du...

BACKGROUND Many patients with severe traumatic injuries are admitted to intensive care units (ICU). These patients usually require prolonged mechanical ventilation. These interventions require oral intubation and leave the mouth open which consequently impairs the natural antimicrobial activity in the mouth and airways. These patients are also prone to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Evi...