We examined how different drivers of infectious disease could interact to threaten control efforts in Europe. We considered projected trends through 2020 for 3 broad groups of drivers: globalization and environmental change, social and demographic change, and health system capacity. Eight plausible infectious disease threats with the potential to be significantly more problematic than they are ...

Background: Thalassemia syndromes are the most common genetic disorders in the world. They happen due to genetic defects in process of haemoglobin synthesis, and would be classified to many groups mainly α and β, based on the kind of defect. Anemia is the main clinical manifestation of this phenotype of disorder. In order to correct the chronic anemia in thalassaemic individuals, they may need ...

The number of endemic mosquito-borne infections in -Europe is substantial; some, such as West Nile virus give rise to periodic epidemic outbreaks while others cause only sporadic clinical cases of disease. Overall, there is a rising trend in the number of infections, especially of the arboviruses. Malaria which had been eradicated in Europe by 1975 following the initiation of the WHO eradicatio...

This paper discusses extracorporeal removal of viral particles and their antigens from the blood as an auxiliary therapy. This hypothesis has not been reported before. In some chronic blood-borne viral infections, the virus remains systemic and persistent for extended periods of time, with adverse effects that weaken the immune system. Blood titers of virus and its toxins are proportional to th...