the rapid advancement of nanotechnology enables us to use nanoscale particles. this material in terms of physical, chemical and biological characteristics are unique compared to larger particles. increased cell division, apoptosis, oxidative stress has been associated with toxic effects of nano-silver. the aim of this study was to evaluate histipotological changes and enzyme activity in nanopar...

previous studies have shown that morphine administration could inhibit neural tube development in rat embryos and produce behavioral defects in human and animals. in the present study, the effects of maternal morphine consumption on embryonic neural plate development in wistar rats were investigated. methods: twenty-four female wistar rats (250-300 g) were crossed with males. after pregnancy, t...

The aim of our research was to examine the ability of density gradient preparation BoviPure and swim up method on bull sperm separation and in vitro embryo production (IVP) systems. Frozen/thawed semen from six Simmental bulls was pooled and treated using both methods. The sperm motility, concentration, membrane activity, membrane integrity and acrosomal status were evaluated and compared befor...

The pellucid zone (PZ) is a protective embryonic cells barrier against chemical, physical or biological substances. This put, usual transfection methods are not efficient for mammal oocytes and embryos as they are exclusively for somatic cells. Carbon nanotubes have emerged as a new method for gene delivery, and they can be an alternative for embryos transfection, however its ability to cross t...

Background The oviduct epithelium consists of ciliated and secretory cells which play an important role in key reproductive processes such as sperm capacitation, fertilization and early embryonic development. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells have been widely used in co-culture experiments to condition culture media and improve early embryonic development [1]. However, these cells dedifferentiate...

In mammalian preimplantation development, pluripotent cells are set aside from cells that contribute to extra-embryonic tissues. Although the pluripotent cell population of mouse and human embryos can be cultured as embryonic stem cells, little is known about the pathways involved in formation of a bovine pluripotent cell population, nor how to maintain these cells in vitro. The objective of th...

The aim of this study was to isolate mouse embryonic stem cells from late blastocyst stage embryos and to use them as a model system for the study of hematopoietic induction outside the embryo by coculturing of embryonic stem cells with bone marrow stromal cells. Blastocyst stage embryos from pregnant NMRI mice were obtained and cultured for 1-2 days in DMEM medium. The inner cell masses formed...

Here, the role of methylation in regulation of rat Oct4 gene was evaluated during embryonic development, in adult tissues and in embryo-derived cells. First, the region 3.1 kb upstream to the rat Oct4 ATG site was cloned and sequenced. The rat Oct4 upstream sequence was similar to that in bovine, mouse and human with two upstream elements: proximal (PE) and distal enhancers (DE) and four homolo...