Herein, we describe an efficient and high-yielding method to synthesize hyaluronan oligosaccharide-lipid conjugates. This strategy is based on first covalently attaching diphytanoyl glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (DiPhPE) to commercially available high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA), via the carboxylate group of the glucuronic acid using carbodiimide chemistry. The HA-lipid conjugate mi...

Background: Formaldehyde is a chemical that used in fixed tissues and bodies. Formaldehyde during dissection of cadaver, evaporate and be released. Studies have shown that the gas increase endogenous opioids, nitric oxide and cytokines in plasma. These impacts can affect on gonadotropin hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in gonadotropin and epithelial cells of t...

Hyaluronidase (Wydase®) is a medical preparation of highly purified bovine testicular enzyme. The enzyme hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, which usually limits diffusion by binding cells together. Thus, it is believed that hyaluronidase increases permeability and promotes the spread of local anesthetic. This accelerates the onset of akinesia, and also helps to reduce the increase in intraocular press...

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a particular concern in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. The side effects associated with high prolactin levels can have a negative impact on GnRH pulsatile secretion and, consequently LH, FSH and testosterone pulsatility and follows by, on special testicular cells that have these hormon’s receptors such as sertoli and leydig cells. Quantification the d...

background: testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires surgical intervention to reperfuse the affected testis. ischemia reperfusion injury is usually associated with proinflammatory cytokine generation and apoptosis of germ cells in the testes.objective: in this study we investigate the effect of ghrelin on the proinflammatory cytokines levels and germ cell apoptosis in testicular ...

background: in cancer patients, chemo and radiotherapy can cause infertility by damaging spermatogenesis process. this process is based on self-renewal and differentiation of a rare population of the testicular cells called spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). scientists have tried to isolate, enrich and culture human spermatogonial stem cells, hoping to resolve infertility problems in cancer reco...

Background: Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic used for treating respiratory,skin,bone and kidney infections. Our purpose was investigating effect of ceftriaxone on testicular tissue. Materials and Methods: 40 mice with 6 weeks old were used in this study. The mice randomly were divided into 2 groups, control- sham and test groups. The test group was subdivided to IP1 and IP2 which received Ceftriaxo...

The interfacial properties of bovine testicular hyaluronidase were investigated by demonstrating the association of hyaluronidase activity with membranes prepared from bovine testis. Protein adsorption to the air/water interface was investigated using surface pressure-area isotherms. In whichever way the interfacial films were obtained (protein injection or deposition), the hyaluronidase exhibi...

Abstract Background Nano-fibrous scaffolds provide a three-dimensional matrix that guides sufficient orientation of seeded cells similar to natural niche. In this research, we designed silk scaffold improve the differention mouse spermatogonial stem spermatogenic cell lines. Spermatogonial were collected from neonatal (2–6 days) testes ( n =60) using two steps mechanical and enzymatic method. C...

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the greatest public health threats in modern societies. Although during a few years it was suggested that DM had no significant effect in male reproductive function, this view has been challenged in recent years. From a clinical perspective, the evaluation of semen parameters, as well as spermatozoa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity, are often st...