This study examined the extent to which individuals used their self-concepts to determine brand preference. It was predicted that individuals would prefer brands with images congruent with their own self-image more than brands’ images inconsistent with their self-image. The study also predicted that others would influence consumers’ brand preference, and participants would prefer brands consona...

Building brand loyalty has become more crucial, yet more complex to achieve in today’s age of immense competition. The paper discusses the brand loyalty as it is becoming an important element for gaining competitive advantage. The study looks into different key factors affecting brand loyalty in a developing country like Pakistan. The study focused on the aspects; Brand Knowledge, Brand Social ...

With previous studies that examined the importance of functional store image and CSR, this study is aimed at examining their effects in the self-congruity model in influencing store loyalty. In particular, this study developed and tested a structural model in the context of retailing industry on the self-congruity theory. Whilst much of the self-congruity studies have incorporated functional st...

The image of a brand is the first word or image that is evoked in the mind of costumers immediately after hearing the brand name. The purpose of paying attention to the brand image is to ensure the proper mentality of consumers toward the brand. The components such as suitability, services, brand, variety, quality, and atmosphere form the brand image. The relationship between the brand image an...

Previous research into enforcement of law and corporate social responsibility mostly assumes that the vertical structure of the entities causing harm is exogenous. By outsourcing, the source of harm may avoid some liability and responsibility, while losing direct control over the evasive actions that cause harm. Here, we analyze the trade off between avoidance of liability and control over evas...