INTRODUCTION Giant fibroadenoma is an uncommon variant of benign breast lesions. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions is known to be involved in the silencing of genes (for example, tumor-suppressor genes) and appears to be an early event in the etiology of breast carcinogenesis. Only hypermethylation of p16INK4a has been reported in non-giant breast fibroadenoma. In this par...

Truth or myth is seldom encountered in the practice of surgery, especially in cases of breast diseases. Yet, even after thousands of years of treating breast disease by surgeons/healers, fibroadenoma in the male breast seems to be a myth, due to the absence of fibro-glandular tissue. We wish to break this myth by our own experience as well as other studies by others all over the world, and unve...

Breast cancer affects Iranian women at least one decade younger than their counterparts in othercountries and the incidence of breast fibroadenoma is growing in the last two decades in Tehran. Thisstudy aimed to compare the AhR levels in premenopausal breast cancer and breast fibroadnemo withappropriate normal groups. Possible associations of AhR with lifestyle and reproductive risk factorsand ...

INTRODUCTION Malignant transformation of a fibroadenoma is rare with only about 100 cases reported in the world literature. Fibroadenoma occurring in middle aged woman with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer should be investigated with a high suspicion for malignancy. CASE PRESENTATION A 35-year- old Indian lady operated previously for fibroadenoma of the right breast present...

Juvenile fibroadenoma accounts for 4% of the total fibroadenomas. Giant juvenile fibroadenoma is found in only 0.5% of all fibroadenomas. The authors report a 10-year girl presenting with progressive enlargement of both breasts for one year. Based on clinical findings and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), a diagnosis of bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas of breast was made. She underw...

Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), responsible for the active transport of iodine is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein present in the thyroid cells and extrathyroid tissues like breast and salivary glands. If its functional form is unequivocally shown in benign or malignant breast tissues, then it may serve as a basis for diagnosis and treatment using radioactive iodine. With an aim t...

Breast lesions are rare prepubescents. The majority of breast lesions in this age group are benign. The most common of these rare lesions is juvenile fibroadenoma, which accounts for only 0.5% of all fibroadenomas. It is uncommon to have a palpable lesion in juveniles as very small lesions show obvious asymmetry. Fibroadenomas can grow to a large size, and surgical intervention is cosmetically ...

BACKGROUND It has been reported that the number of mast cells was significantly greater in malignant breast carcinomas than in benign breast lesions. This was due to tryptase-containing mast cells while tryptase, chymase-containing mast cells had no effect. However, analysis of mast cells in breast carcinomas and benign breast lesions based on their histological findings remains to be elucidate...

Adenomyoepithelial adenosis of the breast is extremely rare. We treated a 35-year-old woman with two small painless hard lumps in her breasts. On ultrasonography, the lesion in the right breast (upper inner quadrant) showed heterogeneous echogenicity and irregular, well-defined, uniformly hypoechoic nodules separated by funiform hyperechoic areas. The entire lesion had unclear boundaries. Excis...

Polymastia is a term that is used to describe the presence of more than two breasts in human beings. It is synonymous with supernumerary or accessory breast tissue. Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) may occur any where along the primitive embryonic milk lines, which extend from the axilla to the groin, and may occur unilaterally or bilaterally. In the EBT any disease can develop that affects the norm...