Intraduodenal infusion of lipid or protein potently reduces subsequent energy intake. There is evidence that the underlying mechanisms differ significantly between the two nutrients. While intraduodenal lipid stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 and CCK much more than protein, the release of insulin and glucagon is substantially greater in response to protein. Ghrelin and PYY are both involved in...

It is widely accepted that gastric parameters such as gastric distention provide a direct negative feedback signal to inhibit eating; moreover, gastric and intestinal signals have been reported to synergize to promote satiation. However, there are few human data exploring the potential interaction effects of gastric and intestinal signals in the short-term control of appetite and the secretion ...

BACKGROUND Reduced postprandial secretion of peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin, and increased hunger was reported after a single dose of orlistat, an inhibitor of intestinal lipase. As yet, the influence of long-term therapy with orlistat on PYYand GLP-1 release has not been studied. Our study was aimed at assessing the influence of 8-week therapy with orlistat ...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The present study investigated plasma levels of gut-brain axis peptides ghrelin, obestatin, NPY and PYY after consumption of a high-carbohydrate (HC) and high-protein (HP) breakfast in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and in healthy controls. These peptides play an important role in regulation of energy homeostasis and their secretion is disturbed under c...

INTRODUCTION Delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance occur frequently in the critically ill. In these patients, gastric motor responses to nutrients are disturbed. Peptide YY (PYY) slows gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to determine fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma PYY concentrations and their relationship to cholecystokinin (CCK) in critically ill patients. METHODS Stu...

The influence of intravenous peptide YY (PYY) on the gastric injury induced by 45% ethanol was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. PYY (25, 75, 125, and 250 pmol x kg(-1) x h(-1)) significantly reduced gastric lesions by 36, 59, 40, and 38%, respectively. Antibody against ratPYY (2 mg/rat) injected intravenously completely prevented the gastroprotective effect of intravenous PYY (75 pmo...

Introduction Delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance occur frequently in the critically ill. In these patients, gastric motor responses to nutrients are disturbed. Peptide YY (PYY) slows gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to determine fasting and nutrient-stimulated plasma PYY concentrations and their relationship to cholecystokinin (CCK) in critically ill patients. Methods Studi...

We tested whether exogenous peptide YY (PYY) can stimulate synthesis and lymphatic secretion of intestinal apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV). Rats with mesenteric lymph fistulas and right atrial cannulas were given continuous intravenous infusions of control vehicle or PYY at 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 pmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1. PYY (75-200 pmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ h-1) stimulated lymphatic apo AIV output from 1.5- to 3....

Peptide YY concentrations in both rectal mucosa and fasting plasma, which were produced by endocrine cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract, were measured in normal subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis by specific radioimmunoassay and were examined in the relation to histopathological changes and extent of lesions of ulcerative colitis. Peptide YY levels of rectal mucosa (11.0 +/- 1...