The goal of dialysis for patients with chronic renal failure is to restore the composition of the body’s fluid environment toward normal. This is accomplished principally by formulating a dialysate whose constituent concentrations are set to approximate normal values in the body. Over time, by diffusional transfer along favorable concentration gradients, the concentrations of solutes that were ...

A Best Practice Guideline about Dialysis fluid purity was developed under the leadership of the Spanish Society of Nephrology in 2004. The second edition revised Guideline considered new evidences and International Standard. The Guideline has established recommendations for standards for preparing dialysate: water, concentrates and hemodialysis proportioning systems. This Guideline is based on ...

the main objective of the present study was to formulate gastroretentive effervescent sustained release drug delivery systems of risperidone floating tablets with the help of methocel® k15, ethocel® standard 7fp premium, eudragit ® rs100 sustained release polymers to improve its safety profile, bioavailability and patient compliance. risperidone floating tablets were formulated by wet granulati...

delivery of exogenous materials such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, and drugs into cells is an important strategy in modern cellular and molecular biology. recently, the development of gene carriers for efficient gene transfer into cells has attracted a great attention. furthermore, lack of effective drug delivery is one of the major problems of cancer chemotherapy. many physical methods...

Blood and lymphatic vasculature are essential components of all organs, responsible for maintaining organ fluid dynamics and tissue homeostasis. Although both vessel systems are composed of similar lineages of endothelial cells whose crude functions include fluid and cell transport, each system also possesses distinctive physiologic properties, enabling their distinctive functions in tissues. T...

this survey was carried out on children less than five years of age from rural areas of three provinces in iran (west azarbaijan, bushehre, and central province), with different health care delivery systems and various types of immunization scheme, to determine the immune status of measles and the vaccine coverage. our results indicate that the rates of measles immunity and vaccine coverage for...

In horses, pathological healing with formation of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) is a particular problem in limb wounds, whereas body wounds tend to heal without complications. Chronic inflammation has been proposed to be central to the pathogenesis of EGT. This study aimed to investigate levels of inflammatory acute phase proteins (APPs) in interstitial fluid from wounds in horses. A novel...

BACKGROUND An important advantage of convective therapies is improved vascular reactivity. However, it is not well known whether the vascular response during convective therapies remains superior when compared to haemodialysis (HD) with an adjusted temperature of the dialysate. It has also been suggested that convective therapies may impair small electrolyte removal through an effect on the Don...