Brown alga, Turbinaria conoides was successively extracted with n-hexane, cyclohexane, methanol and ethanol:water (1:1). The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities by disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for active extracts by broth dilution method. The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the extracts were tested in human embryon...

results: of 655 samples, 69 (10.53%) had positive results for human influenza a virus, and 5 (0.7%) samples had positive results for influenza b. of those 69 samples with positive results for influenza a viruses, 45 (6.8%) were h3n2, and 24 (3.6%) were h1n1 subtypes. in this study most cases with positive results were less than 20 years. the sample positive included 49% males and 51% females. t...

background: sen virus (senv) is the latest virus proposed as a cause of unknown hepatitis cases. among nine detected genotypes of the virus, genotypes d and h are more frequent in hepatitis cases of unknown origin. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of senv-d and senv-h genotypes in the sera of healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients. methods: totally, 200 serum sam...

background:in the recent decade, the reverse genetics method has been broadly used for rescue of negative-stranded rna viruses from cdna or viral minigenomes. this technique has been applied to study different steps in virus replication and virus-host interactions. reverse genetics could also be implemented for design of new vaccines. the t7 rna polymerase activity as well as virus (nucleocapsi...

background and aims: many studies have provided evidence for the role of hepatitis b and c viruses in the development of liver cancer. although the routine treatment is available for both conditions, no definite guideline is available to treat patients dually infected with hbv and hcv. this study was performed to determine the frequency of hbv/hcv-coinfection in mashhad, north-east of iran. mat...

there is a high degree (>95%) of intraspecies similarity in the coat protein (cp) amino acid sequences within passionfruit woodiness virus (pwv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), both infecting passionfruit vine in new south wales. on this basis, a dual transgene containing the translatable cdnas coding for the cps of pwv and cmv was constructed in the binary vector pbi121 and used for transform...