jalal al-e-ahmad relying on the popular and lively language of his society has used a unique and dynamic language in his works. this unique feature has reached to its summit in the school principal in which the characters from each social class in the story use the language of the same class in the real society. in order to reach a deeper understanding of this masterpiece, this article compares...

Accountable decision-makers are required to legitimize their priority setting decisions in health to members of society. In this perspective we stress the point that fair, legitimate processes should reflect efforts of authorities to treat all stakeholders as moral equals in terms of providing all people with well-justified, reasonable reasons to endorse the decisions. ...

The distinction between state and civil society is deeply rooted in both sociology and political theory (Barkey and Parikh 1991:525; Bobbio 1999:115; Habermas 1989:19). Even thinkers who argue that civil society and the state ‘interact’ often retain the basic conceptual opposition between the terms. Barkey and Parikh go so far as to characterize recent work on the state as “the state-society li...

ghassankanfani, writer, critic freedom fighter and palestinian martyr, has written many novels regarding the realities of society (disasters caused by the palestinian adversity in 1948). ghassan presents precise and realistic descriptions of human being and existence in these novels. the novel “the survivor” is a representation of the events of palestine which could only be understood through i...

happened in France, where the peasant economy encouraged the retention of cautious and restrictive attitudes to establishing new economic units. Flandrin speculates interestingly to what extent this atmosphere led to extensive use of contraception (i.e. coitus interruptus) in France long before it became common in England. Flandrin makes extensive use of Counter-Reformation conduct books to hig...