topological analysis has been performed on the total electron density of the two forms of ozonemolecule,c2v and d3h ,to investigate the nature of chemical bonds ,molecular structure , atomiccharges and electrical properties. while these concepts have been completely discussed usingclassical models the emphasize in this work is based on quantum theory of atoms in molecules(qtaim). because the d3...

Quantifying the reliability of latent variable estimates in diagnostic classification models has been a difficult topic, complicated by classification-based nature these models. In this study, we derive observed score indices based on as an extension classical test theory-based reliability. Additionally, conditional sum- and sub-score distributions. manner, various expectations standard error m...

This paper presents a strong true-score model for tests that consist of polytomously-scored items. Errors conditional on true score are assumed to be distributed as multinomial, true category-proportion scores are assumed to follow a Dirichlet distribution, and the marginal category scores are the Dirichletmultinomial distribution. The model is illustrated using real data sets in the following ...

Finite sample inference procedures are considered for analyzing the observed scores on a multiple choice test with several items, where, for example, the items are dissimilar, or the item responses are correlated. A discrete p-parameter exponential family model leads to a generalized linear model framework and, in a special case, a convenient regression of true score upon observed score. Techni...

This article examines a subscore augmentation procedure. The approach uses empirical Bayes adjustments and is intended to improve the overall accuracy of measurement when information is scant. Simulations examined the impact of the method on subscale scores in a variety of realistic conditions. The authors focused on two popular scoring methods: summed scores and item response theory scale scor...

A theory of fundamental measurement consists of a n ordering of entities according to the attribute to he measured; some further mathematical structure over the set of these entities; a set of axioms (or empirical laws) that interrelates the ordering and the structure; a numerical representation (isomorphism) of the empirical system which is constructed just by counting and computing limits; an...

n this paper we study the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of Cauchyequation in Felbin's type fuzzy normed linear spaces. As a resultwe give an example of a fuzzy normed linear space such that thefuzzy version of the stability problem remains true, while it failsto be correct in classical analysis. This shows how the category offuzzy normed linear spaces differs from the classical normed linearspac...