background and objectives: clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. the aim of the present study was cloning and expression of c. perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon...

dna amplification using taq dna polymerase is one of the most widely used techniques in molecular biology and biotechnology. the aim of this study was to amplify the gene of this enzyme from a thermophilic bacteria called thermus aqauticus and clone it into a vector for future use. using specific primers the cdna of taq dna polymerase was amplified and ligated into the cloning vector ptz57r usi...

Background and Aims: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the major pathogen in poultry. Vaccination is intended to control the disease as an effective solution nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. F gene open reading frame (ORF) from NDV is 1650 bp, encoding a protein of 553 amino acids that can induce protective immunity alone. The F glycoprotein on the surf...

Human snake bitten poisoning is a serious threat in many tropical and subtropical countries such as Iran. The best acceptable treatment of envenomated humans is antivenoms; however they have a series of economic and medical problems and need more improvements. In this study a combinatorial human immunoglobulin gene library against some of Iranian snakes venoms was constructed. Total RNA prepare...

Since the construction of the first generation of general cloning vectors in the early 1970s, the number of plasmids created has increased to an almost countless number. Thus, a critical decision facing today’s investigator is that of which plasmid to use in a particular project? Despite the bewildering choice of commercial and other available vectors, the choice of which cloning vector to use ...

In vivo recombinational cloning in yeast is a very efficient method. Until now, this method has been limited to experiments with yeast vectors because most animal, insect, and bacterial vectors lack yeast replication origins. We developed a new system to apply yeast-based in vivo cloning to vectors lacking yeast replication origins. Many cloning vectors are derived from the plasmid pBR322 and h...

The seamless ligation cloning extract (SLiCE) method is a novel seamless DNA cloning tool that utilizes homologous recombination activities in Escherichia coli cell lysates to assemble DNA fragments into a vector. Several laboratory E. coli strains can be used as a source for the SLiCE extract; therefore, the SLiCE-method is highly cost-effective.The SLiCE has sufficient cloning ability to supp...