Thick shells have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional graded materials because of their unique properties. In this review paper, some critical issues and problems in the development of thick shells made from Functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) are discussed. This review has been conducted on various types of methods which are available for thick ...

Vibration behavior of different types of porous functionally graded (FG) conical sandwich shells are investigated based on a modified high order sandwich shells theory for the first time. Sandwich shell includes FG face sheets covering a homogeneous core and the second one includes homogeneous face sheets and a FG core. Power law rule modified by considering two types of porosity distributions ...

Abstract The influence of single and multiple imperfection cases on the load carrying capacity mild steel cone subjected to axial compression was considered through numerical simulation in current paper. Three different techniques were considered, which are: i) uneven length (sinusoidal/square waves), ii) crack, iii) indentation (SLI) imperfection. Abaqus 6.19 FE used carry out simulation. comp...