Background Using Section 8 project-based rental assistance contracts, HUD contracts with for-profit owners of private multifamily housing, who in turn make specific rental properties available to qualified low-income households. Typically, the subsidy will pay the difference between 30 percent of the household’s income and the contract rent; this subsidy is paid by HUD to the landlord. Approxim...

BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) in most high-income countries have a history of being independent private providers with much autonomy. While GPs remain private providers, their autonomous position appears to be challenged by increased policy regulations. This paper examines the extent to which GPs' preferences for private practice vs. salaried contracts changed in a period where a new h...

the two parts of a lease contract cannot always assign the period of lease. sometimes it isn't mentioned any period in contract but they assert the smallest unit of time for assignment of the rental. therefore the civil low makes reputable the lease contracts that the period of rent is left unsaid in them for the same smallest unit of time. in 'spite of that the legal spirit of this a...

deep economic and social developments in two recent centuries beside other important alterations, created important changes in contracting aria among them placing weak and strong parties against each other in contracts. freedom of contract, that before enjoided from some kind of sancity,could not provid contractual justice in this new conditions. therefore adjustment of this tool(contract) in a...

nowadays in commercial contracts, parties communicate with together using standard forms. both the party's standards forms usually contain a description of the subject-matter, the price, the quantity and the delivery terms. such a situation is called the battle of forms. in such a case some questions are raised. does the exchange of the conflicting forms create a contract? if so, what are ...