this paper presents an analytical view of variance reduction by control variate technique for pricing arithmetic asian options as a financial derivatives. in this paper, the effect of correlation between two random variables is shown. we propose an efficient method for choose suitable control in pricing arithmetic asian options based on the control variates (cv). the numerical experiment shows ...

the determination of gyration radius is a strong research for configuration of a macromolecule. italso reflects molecular compactness shape. in this work, to characterize the behavior of theprotein, we observe quantities such as the radius of gyration and the average energy. we studiedthe changes of these factors as a function of temperature for acetylcholine receptor protein in gasphase with n...

introduction: the key characteristics of positron emission tomography (pet) are its quantitative capability and its sensitivity, which allow the in vivo imaging of biochemical interactions with small amounts of tracer concentrations. therefore, accurate quantification is important. however, it can be sensitive to several physical factors. the aim of this investigation is the assessment of the e...

today according to the competitive conditions, companies try to reduce their inventory level to diminish the costs. in companies inventory management and control should establish a balance between inventory level of spare parts, cost and the risk that arising from absence of part when is needed. it is clear that this level of spare parts inventory affected by facility characteristics and its re...

In this paper, impacts of various uncertainties such as random outages of generating units and transmission lines, forecasting errors of load demand and wind power, in the presence of Demand response (DR) programs on power generation scheduling are studied. The problem is modelled in the form of a two-stage stochastic unit commitment (UC) which by solving it, the optimal solutions of UC as well...

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is at the ninth from ten of common malignant cancer. A man has higher risk to get Thyroid cancer that a woman has. This organ is lain near human neck. The use of radioactive I-131, I-123 and Tc-99m for diagnosis of thyroid cancer has a risk where other organs around Thyroid will accept dose of radiation. One of the risks is large dose which is accep...

background: one of the main problems of dedicated iort accelerators is to determine dosimetric characteristics of the electron beams. monte carlo simulation of iort accelerator head and produced beam will be useful to improve the accuracy of beam dosimetry. materials and methods: liac accelerator head was modeled using the beamnrcmonte carlo simulation system. phase-space files were generated a...

Background: For an effective treatment planning in brachytherapy, it is necessary to know the accurate source dosimetric information such as air kerma strength, exposure rate constant, dose rate constant and redial dose distribution. The usual method to determine these factors is thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) dosimetry. Nowadays, another more accurate method is known to be the Monte Carlo ...