Chemical stimulation of the swallowing network with carbonation and citric acid has been investigated, showing potential benefits on swallowing of dysphagic patients. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effects of 5 ml liquid bolus swallows of carbonated, citric acid, and still water on a swallowing reaction-time tasks par...

Evaluation of acute white matter injuries caused by carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can be limited by conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for early detection of white matter alterations in patients with acute CO intoxication.A total of 30 subjects including 15 acute CO patients and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy vo...

We present a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in middle-aged woman who presented with 2-year history dysarthria and dysphagia. On examination, she had spastic dysarthria, jaw clonus (video 1), hyperreflexia, fasciculations involving the tongue, trunk, extremities. Jaw is an upper motor sign that localizes to dysfunction corticobulbar fibers cranial 5th nerve nucleus. It analogous ank...

Eye opening apraxia (EOA) has been described in literature as a complication of deep brain stimulation (DBS), especially after electrode implantation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). EOA can be either worsened or alleviated by DBS depending on the etiology. Herein, we report a rare case where the progression of brain atrophy may have contributed to the delayed onset of EOA. The patient, a 73-y...

In this article, the crossed syndromes of Millard-Gubler (facial palsy and contralateral hemiparesis), Foville (facial palsy, conjugate gaze paralysis, and contralateral hemiparesis), Weber (oculomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis), and Raymond-Cestan (internuclear ophthalmoplegia and contralateral hemiparesis) are detailed from the original reports. These and other related syndromes wer...

corpus callosum (CCpf), CC, Fronto-occipital Fasciculus (FO), Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF), Anterior Corona Radiata (ACR), Corticospinal/Corticobulbar Tracts (CST/CBT). Error bars are shown for RTAP, NG⊥, and PA. Figure 1: Images of MAP-MRI derived parameters: RTAP, NG⊥, and PA. 6801 The Variation of MAP-MRI –derived Parameters along White Matter Fiber Pathways in the Human Brain Alex...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to reveal whether corticobulbar projection to the suprahyoid muscles (SHM) is contralateral or bilateral. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy subjects between 27 and 77 years of age participated. All subjects underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in both cerebral hemispheres using surface EMG recording in bilateral SHM. One subject underwent TMS i...

To better understand the relationship between cortical plasticity and visceral pain, we developed a pain-induced model of altered esophageal corticobulbar excitability. In eight healthy volunteers, corticoesophageal electromyographic responses were recorded via an intraluminal catheter, following magnetic stimulation of the right sensorimotor cortex using perithreshold intensities. Corticothena...