soil physical properties have an important role on vegetation growththrough affecting the development of root system. the aim of this study was toinvestigate the trampling effect of livestock grazing on soil physical properties andvegetation cover changes. the experiment was conducted on three range conditionsites (reference, key and critical area) with ten frequencies in hosseinabadekudistan i...

In 1959, Grötzsch [5] famously proved that every planar graph of girth at least 4 is 3-colourable (or equivalently, admits a homomorphism to C3). A natural generalization this the following conjecture: for positive integer t, 4t C2t+1. This in fact dual well-known conjecture Jaeger [7] which states 4t-edge-connected modulo (2t + 1)-orientation. Though Jaeger’s original was disproved [6], Lovász...

We consider high-density laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) in the nonrelativistic regime of laser. In place an ultrashort pulse, we can excite wakefields via Laser Beat Wave (BW) that accesses this near-critical density regime. Here, use 1D Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations to study BW using two co-propagating lasers a material. show near critical allows for electrons greater than keV energi...