The D-dimer antigen is a unique marker of fibrin degradation that is formed by the sequential action of 3 enzymes: thrombin, factor XIIIa, and plasmin. First, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen producing fibrin monomers, which polymerize and serve as a template for factor XIIIa and plasmin formation. Second, thrombin activates plasma factor XIII bound to fibrin polymers to produce the active transglut...

Abstract A pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Salmonella enterica O55 containing a rare sugar, 3-acetamido-3-deoxy-d-fucose has been synthesized as its p-methoxyphenyl glycoside using sequential stereoselective glycosylation strategy. suitably functionalized 3-azido-3-deoxy-d-fucose thioglycoside derivative was prepared in very good yield and used reactio...

In transfusion medicine, the identification of the Rhesus D type is important to prevent anti-D immunisation in Rhesus D negative recipients. In particular, the detection of the very low expressed DEL phenotype is crucial and hence constitutes the bottleneck of standard immunohaematology. The current method of choice, adsorption-elution, does not provide unambiguous results. We have developed a...

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has an important role in nosocomial infections. Objective: To evaluate biological activity of the detoxified LPS (D-LPS) entrapped into Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. Materials: LPS was extracted and detoxified from the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. The D-LPS, conjugated to t...

Shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the O antigens. We investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of Shigella boydii type 16 O antigen. As judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with NMR spectroscopy data, the O antigen has an O-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating O unit, which consists of two D-mannose residu...

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease associated with an autoantibody directed against a keratinocyte membrane antigen. The purpose of this study was to purify the human pemphigus vulgaris antigen, to produce an antibody to this antigen, and to use the antibody to induce pemphigus in newborn mice. Various techniques to extract the membrane-rich pellet from human epidermal homogenate were ...

Objective(s): In the current work, poly D, L lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) particles were applied for a viral vaccine for the delivery of antigens in cytosolic pathway by increasing the antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes. HPV-E7 protein with PLGA particles has been reported as a potent adjuvant for HPV vaccine by encapsulating protein into the PLGA particles. Polysaccharide from Pleurotus sajo...

Antigenic extracts of Streptococcus group E (SGE) were subjected to fractional ethanol precipitation, block (preparative) electrophoresis, and gel filtration for the purpose of separating the type antigen from the group antigen. Ethanol precipitation was ineffective in separating the substances. Block electrophoresis yielded serologically pure group antigen and a mixture of type and group antig...