نتایج جستجو برای: decision variable

تعداد نتایج: 595911  

2004
Soumen Ghosh Nagesh Murthy Joon Park

In this research, we have investigated the interaction between product platform development and supply chain configuration in a global environment. A comprehensive decision support model has been developed to simultaneously determine product strategy and supply chain configuration. By Products we refer to the bundle of module option alternatives offered to market segments, and product platform ...

2015
Scott Ballantyne

The purpose of this paper is to help leaders recognize the importance of utilizing a strategic focus to enhance achievement in a highly competitive global environment. Leadership theories allow most managers to be classified into a specific leadership framework. This framework can provide clues as to how leaders make decisions. In the competitive environment in which organizations operate today...

Journal: :journal of industrial strategic management 2014
f. rahnama roodposhti h. nikoomaram m. mahmoodi

in management accounting information systems, managers use accounting information systems to be able to predict or have the data structured by the use of decision support systems and business intelligence. so, the use of management accounting information systems is necessary in management decision-making process based on decision support and business intelligence. this paper reviews the liter...

امامی, مژگان, حقدوست, علی اکبر, مهرالحسنی, محمد حسین,

Good governance promotion in the health sector needs effective policies and evidence-based decision making. Using efficient and effective information is an important issue so that planners will not be confused amid many figures and numbers and also the main problem will not be marginalized. Hence, having a common language and consensus between policy makers and decision makers about the cycle (...

A. Afshar, S. Madadgar,

Most real world engineering design problems, such as cross-country water mains, include combinations of continuous, discrete, and binary value decision variables. Very often, the binary decision variables associate with the presence and/or absence of some nominated alternatives or project’s components. This study extends an existing continuous Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to simultan...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this study examined the effect of prior knowledge and vocabulary teaching on iranian efl learners listening comprehension. the current study has two purposes: one is to investigate the effect of background knowledge on the second language listening comprehension of iranian intermediates and the other is to determine whether second language is facilitated by the introduction of unknown vocabularies in the form of prelistening activities. to conduct the study different instruments such as listening proficiency test and four listening tests such as pre and posttests were used and various statistical processes and techniques including paired-sample t-test, and analysis of variance (anova) were used. the findings of this study supported all three hypotheses tested. differences were found between the means of preteaching vocabulary variable, the background knowledge activation variable, and mean difference between these two strategies variable. subjects scored higher when the unknown words were taught in advance. likewise, subjects scored higher when they were asked some relevant questions about the topic than on those without them. there was, in addition, a significant difference between the means of preteaching vocabulary strategy and background knowledge activation strategy. in fact, preteaching vocabulary had a better effect in enhancing the students’ listening comprehension, in comparison to background knowledge activation strategy.

پایان نامه :دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی - دانشکده زبانهای خارجی 1390

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

Purpose: To determine the impact of the knowledge management infrastructures and the dimensions of improvement of managers' decision-making on the status of knowledge management in the public libraries affiliated to the Iran Public Libraries Foundation. Method: This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical sample of the research was selected by using the cluster random sa...

Journal: :American journal of epidemiology 2012
Gang Fang John M Brooks Elizabeth A Chrischilles

Instrumental variable (IV) and risk adjustment (RA) estimators, including propensity score adjustments, are both used to alleviate confounding problems in nonexperimental studies on treatment effects, but it is not clear how estimates based on these 2 approaches compare. Methodological considerations have shown that IV and RA estimators yield estimates of distinct types of causal treatment effe...

2010

Religious elites are active for peace in many violent conflicts. Normative explanations of‐ ten do not suffice to explain their engagement. In this paper we draw on the findings of social‐movement research to identify the factors that induce rationally acting religious el‐ ites to be active for peace. It is their relationships to the government, other religious elites, and believers that c...

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