Several types of cellular biosensors have been developed for assessing chemicals, in which the cell responses to chemicals are transduced to the sensor outputs in various manners. The cell layer is fixed in the vicinity of the signal transducer. As an example, assessment of immunomodulating chemicals has been performed with a cellular biosensor based on electrochemical determination of the indu...

The enactment of new chemical regulations has generated a large need for the measurement of the fish bioconcentration factor (BCF). Past experience shows that the BCF determination lacks precision, requires large numbers of fish, and is costly. A new protocol was tested that shortens the experiment from up to 12 weeks for existing protocols to 2 weeks and reduces the number of fish by a factor ...

Objective(s):One strategy for the treatment of diabetes is inhibition of pancreatic α- amylase. Plants contains different chemical constituents with potential for inhibition of α-amylase and hence maybe used as therapeutic. Materials and Methods: Urtica dioica and Juglans regia Linn were tested for α-amylase inhibition. Different concentrations of leaf aqueous extracts were incubated with enzym...

biosensors are classes of sensors in which at least a biological process is used in sensing procedure. they are generally composed of three parts: a sensing element, a transducer, and a signal processor (or detector). they can be categorized by type of sensing materials or by detection techniques. from their invention time up to now, various biological species have been analyzed using variety o...

The potential for chemicals to cause skin corrosion or skin irritation is an important consideration in establishing procedures for the safe handling, packing and transport of chemicals. The determination of skin corrosion and irritation potential is therefore included in international regulatory requirements for the testing of chemicals. The standard approach used involves applying the test ma...