this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dipstick tests (leukocyte esterase and nitrite) in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) in cirrhotic patients. forty six children with ascites hospitalized between 2009 and 2010 in children medical center were enrolled in this study. reagent strip assays for leukocyte esterase and nitrite were performed on ascetic fluid and the re...

background and objective: the diagnosis of typhoid fever in children is a challenge due to the non-specific clinical picture. the current role of the widal test for diagnosis in developing countries has not been clear. materials and methods: charts were reviewed on all children ≤ 15 years of age discharged from 5 pediatric teaching hospitals in tehran from 1991 to 2004 with a diagnosis of typho...

Background Platelets have an important contribution in pathogenesis of different infectious and inflammatory disorders. This study was performed to identify the diagnostic value of platelet count (PLT), and platelet indices in children with acute pyelonephritis (APN).  Materials and Methods In a cross sectional case control s...

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the common and urgent illnesses among children.  Children usually are unable to help the physicians completely due to weakness in describing the medical history. Moreover, acute appendicitis overlaps with conditions of other diseases in terms of Symptoms and signs in the first hours of presentation. These conditions lead to unwanted biases as well as err...

vesico-ureteral reflux (vur) is presented in approximately %1 of children and is associated with an increased risk of pyelonephritis and renal scarring. despite its prevalence and morbidity, many aspects of vur diagnosis and treatment are controversial. we objectively assessed the published data; the data base for many current diagnoses and treatment patterns of vur is limited. recent studies h...

lichen planus (lp) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease widely recognized in adults, but uncommon in children. the purpose of this paper is to report two cases of lp in children. the diagnosis was made based on clinical and histopathological findings. the treatment consisted of antifungal and multivitamin therapy. regression of lesions was observed. the patients are still under follow up. althoug...

disseminated nocardiosis (dn), is an infrequent and severe infection due to nocardia species and defined as infection in two or more discontinuous organs.  most infections occur in the immunocompromised host or in persons with underlying disease.  dn occurs rarely in children.  in this report, we describe an 11-year-old immune-compromised child with nocardiosis involving the lung, skin, brain a...