in this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (gdl) of pem fuel cell is modeled. the governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (gdl) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...

Highly aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized in the shape of towers and embedded into fluidic channels as electrodes for impedance measurement of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Tower electrodes up to 8 mm high were grown and easily peeled off a silicon substrate. The nanotube electrodes were then successfully soldered onto patterned printed circuit boards and cast into epoxy ...

We have developed and tested transparent microelectrode arrays capable of simultaneous amperometric measurement of oxidizable molecules and fluorescence imaging through the electrodes. Surface patterned microelectrodes were fabricated from three different conducting materials: Indium-tin-oxide (ITO), nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) deposited on top of ITO, or very thin (12-17 nm) gold ...

Issue no Total pages First page Last page File name Date req Artnum Cover date Abstract Conductance of nanoscale junctions consisting of a molecular monolayer in contact with different metal electrodes is studied. The characteristic energy scales of conductance are determined from the temperature dependence and from the non-linear current–voltage characteristics. Conductance measured at small b...

Oesophageal pH monitoring data are influenced by numerous patient or technique related factors, or both. In this study, data recorded with glass microelectrodes or antimony electrodes, both with external cutaneous Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, connected to two different recording devices are compared. Pearson correlation coefficients regarding the reflux index (% of the investigation time with ...

We report on tunneling and Andreev-reflection conductance spectra of 39 K superconducting magnesium diboride, obtained with Pb and Au counter-electrodes. Two distinct steps at close to 2.7 and 7.1 meV appear in a low-resistance metallic-type Au-MgB2 junction characteristic, whereas a tunneling-like spectrum measured for the same junction, annealed by the application of dc current, exhibits only...

The present study is about the reduction of humic acids (HA) by electrocoagulation (EC) method. Undesirable color, odor, taste, reacting with chlorine to produce toxic materials in water, and making a complex with heavy metal ions are some unfavorable environmental consequences of HA. Platinum and graphite as anode electrodes and platinum, titanium, and aluminum as cathode electrodes were used ...