The optical principles of indirect ophthalmoscopy were mastered by Gullstrand (I 9 I I) although his ophthalmoscope did not achieve wide popularity because of its complexity and limited field of view. Schepens (I947) demonstrated his binocular indirect ophthalmoscope 2I years ago in the United States of America. The instrument described here is a further stage in simplification (Figs I and 2). ...

Attention is drawn to the possibility of performing monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy with a pen torch and a condensing lens when facilities for binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy are not available.

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to a range of challenging sequential decision-making and control tasks. In this paper, we classify RL into direct indirect according how they seek the optimal policy Markov decision process problem. The former solves by directly maximizing an objective function using gradient descent methods, in which is usually expectation a...

in consideration of the commitment of the agent to the contract,indirect representation is divided in two kind of direct and indirect representation. indirect representative who acts in the name of himself and on behalf of the principal is bound with the contract himself and is commited to transfer(deliver) rights of the contract to the principal,so indirect representation has an important role...